careful to avoid

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: masc acc pl

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: masc acc pl

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: masc nom sg

εὐλαβητικός

careful to avoid: masc nom sg

εὐλαβ-ητικός, ή, όν, c.gen.,

A careful to avoid, Pl.Def. 412a; ὀρθοῦ ψόγου Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.5b2.

φῠλάσσω, [dialect] Att. [suff] φῡλάρχ-ττω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

A

φυλασσέμεναι Il.10.312

, 419; poet. [tense] impf.

φύλασσε Pi.Pae.6.91

: [tense] fut.

φυλάξω Od.22.195

, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐφύλαξα, [dialect] Ep.

φύλ- Il.16.686

, etc.: [tense] pf.

πεφύλᾰχα Ath.10.408f

, ([etym.] δια-) X.Cyr.8.6.3 (- πεφυλακ- codd.), Din.1.9 (- πεφυλακ- codd.), ([etym.] παρα-) Pl.Lg. 632a;

πεφύλακα LXX 1 Ki.25.21

, Arg.E.Med. ( πεφυλακέναι and πεφυκέναι codd.):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

- άξομαι A.Supp. 205

, S.El. 1012, Ar. Ec. 831, etc.; also in pass. sense, S.Ph.48, X.Oec.4.9: [tense] aor.

ἐφυλαξάμην Hdt.7.130

(v.l.), Antipho3.4.7, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

- αχθήσομαι D.H.Rh.5.6

, Gal.1.426: [tense] aor.

ἐφυλάχθην Luc.Pisc.15

: [tense] pf.

πεφύλαγμαι E.Fr.472.19

(anap.), cf. infr. c. 1, Lib.Or.54.74 (in pass. sense); imper., only in med. sense in early writers,

πεφύλαξο Hes. Op. 797

, Orac. ap. Hdt.7.148; part., Il.23.343, etc.

A abs., keep watch and ward, keep guard, esp. by night,

ἀνίη καὶ τὸ φυλάσσειν πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα Od.20.52

;

οὐδ' ἐθέλουσι νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι Il.10.312

, cf. 419, 421;

εἰ μέν κ' ἐν ποταμῷ δυσκηδέα νύκτα φυλάσσω Od.5.466

, cf. 22.195; ([voice] Med., v. infr. c);

σὺν κυσὶ.. φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα Il.12.303

;

αὐτοῦ φ. A.Eu. 243

;

τὴν μὲν ἡμέραν κατὰ διαδοχὴν φ. τὴν δὲ νύκτα καὶ ξύμπαντες Th.7.28

;

ἐφύλαττον περὶ τὰ βασίλεια X.Cyr.7.5.68

;

οἱ φυλάττοντες Isoc.10.34

; φ. τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις keep watch for.., Th.7.53;

κατὰ θάλατταν ἐφύλαττεν ὅπως μηδὲν εἰσπλέοι X.HG2.4.29

; φ. ἕως .. watch or wait till.., Lys.1.15; φ. πηνίκα .. D.18.308: c. acc. cogn.,

φυλακὰς φ. X.An.2.6.10

, Ev.Luc. 2.8.

2 to be on one's guard, And.1.135.

B trans., watch, guard, defend,

ἀθανάτων ὅστις σε φυλάσσει Od.15.35

, cf. Il.10.417, al.; σύας, μῆλα, Od.17.593, 12.136;

τὴν ἑωυτῶν Hdt.8.46

;

πόλιν φ. A.Th. 136

(lyr.), IG12.108.46;

πύλας E. Andr. 950

;

σε φυλάττοι Ζεύς Ar.Eq. 499

(anap.);

βρέτας ἧσαι φυλάσσων A.Eu. 440

; φ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τῶν δυσχωριῶν guard one from.. X.Cyr.1.4.7 (but τὴν γραῦν φ. ἀπὸ τῶν κεραμίων keep away from.., Men.Sam. 87): c. acc. et inf.,

τοὐμὸν φυλάξει ὀ ὄνομα μὴ πάσχειν κακῶς S.OC 667

;

ὁ νόμος φ. μὴ ἅπτεσθαι Pl.Lg. 838b

;

φ. μηδένα περαιοῦσθαι Th. 7.17

;

φ. τὸ μηδὲν ἐναντίον γενέσθαι D.18.313

: folld. by a relat. clause,

φ. ἑαυτὸν ὅπως μὴ ἀδικήσει Pl.Grg. 480a

;

φύλαττέ με μὴ παρακρούσωμαί σε Id.Cra. 393c

; φ. τινά, εἰ .. Id.Smp. 220d:—[voice] Pass., to be watched, kept under guard, Hdt.3.45, X.An.6.4.27.

2 watch for, lie in wait or ambush for,

αὐτὸν ἰόντα λοχήσομαι ἠδὲ φυλάξω ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης Od.4.670

;

νόστον φ. Il.2.251

; φ. τὸ σύμβολον look out for the signal-fire, A.Ag.8;

τοὺς πολεμίους X.Lac. 12.2

;

φ. τοὺς παράνομα γράφοντας D.58.34

; keep a watch on, [ τινα] Lys.1.6;

τοὺς παραβαίνοντας Arist.Pol. 1289a19

.

b esp. watch, wait for, observe an appointed time or a fixed event,

τὴν κνρίην τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.1.48

;

φ. τὴν ἡμέραν Antipho 6.37

; φυλάξαντες νύκτα wait for night, Th.2.3;

φυλάσσουσι γραφόμενοι τὸ ἀποβαῖνον Hdt.2.82

;

τοὺς ἐτησίας D.4.31

: with a part. added,

δείλην ὀψίην γινομένην φυλάξαντες Hdt.8.9

:

φ. Ξέρξην.. δεῖπνον προτιθέμενον Id.9.110

; ἀριστοποιουμένους φ. τοὺς στρατιώτας

D 23.165: folld. by a relat. clause, φ. ὅ τι χρήσεται .. Hdt.5.12.

3 metaph., preserve, maintain, cherish, [ χόλον] Il.16.30;

αἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα 24.111

;

ὅρκια 3.280

; φ. ἔπος observe a command, 16.686;

φ. ῥῆμα Pi.I.2.9

;

τελετάς Id.O.3.41

;

νόμον S.Tr. 616

;

τοὺς νόμους Pl. Plt. 292a

, cf. Grg. 461d, etc.;

τὸ σὸν πιστόν S.OC 626

;

τὰς συνθήκας Isoc.17.20

;

τὰ τοῦ γάμου δίκαια POxy.905.9

(ii A. D.);

λόγον πρός τινα PFlor.56.21

(iii A. D., [voice] Pass.);

φ. σιγήν E.IA 542

; οὐ γὰρ ἀπειλὰς ὑμετέρας ἐφύλαξα I regarded not your threats, Call.Del. 204; φ. σκαιοσύναν cling to it, foster it, S.OC 1213 (lyr.);

ἄξια ἤθη E. Ion 736

;

φ. τῇ μνήμῃ τὰ λεχθέντα Pl.Lg. 783c

; φ. τὸν θυμόν ib. 867a;

τὴν τιμωρίαν D.21.40

;

φ. καὶ ταμιεύειν πάντα τινί Lys.19.40

;

τὸ μέρος τοῖς θεοῖς X.An.5.3.4

; τἀγαθά, opp. κτήσασθαι, D.1.23;

μᾶλα ἐν κόλποισι Theoc.2.120

, cf. 7.64;

εἰ μὴ φυλάσσεις μίκρ', ἀπολεῖς τὰ μείζονα Men. Mon. 172

; ἀθάνατον ἔχθραν μὴ φύλαττε ib.4: with a predic. added,

φ. τινά δεδεμένον Antipho 5.47

;

ἀδέκαστον φ. τὴν διάνοιαν D.H.Th. 34

;

ἀκύμααντον τὸ πέλαγος Luc.DMar.5.1

:—[voice] Pass., ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάττεται is fostered by.., S.OT 382.

4 keep in a place, continue in,

τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις, ἀθάνατός τ' εἴης Od.5.208

.

5 notice, observe, Ath.l.c.

6 maintain, hold fast to a view,

τινὰ σπουδαῖον εἶναι Plot.1.4.9

.

7 c. acc., beware of, avoid,

ἅπαντα ταῦτα φυλάττειν κελεύει Gal.18(2).791

.

8 φ. μὴ c. subj., take care lest.. E.IA 145 (anap.), Pl.Tht. 154d; φ. ἐμὲ καὶ τηρεῖν ὅπως μή .. D.18.276.

9 [voice] Med., φυλάξασθε τοῦ ἀγαπᾶν Κύριον be careful to.., LXXJo.23.11.

C [voice] Med.,

I abs., to be on one's guard, keep watch, Ar.Ec. 769; used by Hom. only in part.,

νύκτα φυλασσομένοισι Il.10.188

; πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι to be cautious, prudent, 23.343, cf. X.HG7.5.9;

φυλαττομένους πορεύεσθαι

with caution,

Id.Cyr.5.2.30

, cf. Cyn.10.10.

2 c. acc., keep a thing by one, bear it in mind or memory, Hes. Op. 263, 561; more fully, ἐν θυμῷ δ' εὖ πάντα φυλάσσεο ib. 491;

φρεσί h.Ap. 544

, cf. Pi.O.7.40;

τὰ λελεγμένα S.El. 1012

.

3 guard, keep safe, καὶ κεφαλὴν πεφύλαξο Orac. ap. Hdt.7.148.

4 c. gen., φυλάσσεσθαι τῶν νεῶν μὴ ξυντρίψωσιν act cautiously with regard to the ships, Th.4.11; beware of,

τῶν εὖ φύλαξαι S.OC 161

(lyr.);

Ἄρκτοι πεφυλαγμέναι ὠκεανοῖο Arat.48

;

πεφύλαξο παντοίων ἀνέμων Id.930

.

II φυλάσσεσθαί τι or τινα to beware of, be on one's guard against, avoid a thing or person, Sapph.27, etc.:

ταῦτα Hdt.1.108

, 7.130, cf. Ar.Ra.4; τινας A.Pr. 715, 804;

τοὺς Ἀτρείδας εἰσορῶν φυλάξομαι S.Ph. 455

;

τέττιξ ποιμένας.. πεφυλαγμένος Theoc.16.95

.

b ἐφυλαξάμην διαλέκτους I put in as a precaution 'except in dialects', Hdn.Gr.2.932.

2

φ. πρός τι Th.7.69

;

ἀπό τινος X.Cyr.2.3.9

, HG7.2.10.

3 c. inf.,

φυλάξομαι δὲ τάσδε μεμνῆσθαι.. ἐφετμάς A.Supp. 205

, cf. Ocell.4.13;

φ. μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτεῖν Hdt.1.108

, cf. D.25.11;

φ. μηδένα βαλεῖν Antipho3.4.7

; but also without

μή, ἵνα.. τις ὕστερον φυλάσσηται ἐπὶ γῆν τὴν σὴν στρατεύεσθαι Hdt.7.5

;

φ. τὸ λυπῆσαι D.18.258

;

φ. ὁρᾶσθαι Arist.HA 611a28

, cf. D.H.1.70;

λέγειν Arist.Rh.Al. 1441b20

:—two constructions joined,

δισσὰ γὰρ φυλάσσεται [ψυχή], φίλων τε μέμψιν κἀς θεοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν S.Fr. 472

.

4 φ. μή folld. by subj., take care lest..,

τούτου φυλάσσου μή ποτ' ἀχθεσθῇ κέαρ A.Pr. 392

, cf. Supp. 498, E.IT67, Ar. Ach. 257, X.An.2.2.16, etc.; so φ. ὅπως μή .. Id.Mem.1.2.37;

ἃς ἐγὼ φυλάξομαι.. μὴ κατουρήσωσί μου Ar.Ec. 831

, cf. X.Mem.2.2.14.

σκοπέω (σκοπός; Hom.+; ins, pap; Esth 8:12g; 2 Macc 4:5; TestNapth 3:1 v.l.; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath. 10, 2, R. 2 p. 49, 25 al.—B-D-F §101, p. 48; Mlt.-H. 258) fut. ptc. σκόπησον (Just., D. 3, 2) to pay careful attention to, look (out) for, notice w. acc. of pers. or thing someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 30; Just., D. 2, 5) σκοπεῖτε τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας notice those who conduct themselves thus, i.e. in order to imitate them Phil 3:17. σκοπεῖν τοὺς τὰς διχοστασίας ποιοῦντας look out for those who cause divisions, i.e. avoid them Ro 16:17.—σκ. τὰ βλεπόμενα keep one’s eyes on what can be seen 2 Cor 4:18.—τὰ ἑαυτῶν look out for one’s own interests (Pla., Phdr. 232d) Phil 2:4. Also τὸ καθʼ ἑαυτούς MPol 1:2. τὸ κοινὸν τῆς ἐλπίδος 1 Cl 51:1.—σκ. ἑαυτόν foll. by μή look to oneself, that … not Gal 6:1. σκόπει μὴ τὸ φῶς σκότος ἐστίν consider whether the light be darkness Lk 11:35 (μή interrog. = Lat. ‘num’ [cp. Zahn ad loc.; difft. Rob. 995] because of the indic.; cp. Epict. 4, 5, 18 ὅρα μὴ Νερωνιανὸν ἔχει χαρακτῆρα).—DELG s.v. σκέπτομαι. M-M. TW.

φοβέω (φέβομαι ‘flee in terror’; Hom. et al.; Wsd 17:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 456), in our lit. only pass. φοβέομαι (Hom.+; OGI 669, 59; SIG 1268 II, 17; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 98, 746 al.; Ath. 20, 2; R. 21 p. 75, 1) impf. ἐφοβούμην; 1 fut. φοβηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφοβήθην (Plut., Brut. 1002 [40, 9]; M. Ant. 9, 1, 7; Jer 40:9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; s. B-D-F §79).

① to be in an apprehensive state, be afraid, the aor. oft. in the sense become frightened

ⓐ intr., abs. (Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 4]) ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα they were terribly frightened (Ex 14:10; 1 Macc 12:52) Mt 17:6; 27:54. ἐπεστράφην φοβηθείς I turned around in terror Hv 4, 3, 7.—Mt 9:8; 14:30; 25:25; Mk 5:33; Ac 16:38. ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ for they were afraid Mk 16:8 (Mk 16:9–20 is now rarely considered a part of the original gospel of Mk, though many scholars doubt that the gosp. really ended w. the words ἐφ. γάρ. The original ending may have been lost; among the possible reasons given are the accidental loss of the last page of Mark’s own first copy [the same defect, at a very early stage, in the case of the 18th book of the Κεστοί of Jul. Africanus: WBauer, Orthodoxy etc. (Engl. tr. of 2d German ed. ’64) ’71, 159ff. S. also FKenyon, Papyrus Rolls and the Ending of St. Mk: JTS 40, ’39, 56f; CRoberts, The Ancient Book and the Ending of St. Mk: ibid. 253–57] or by purposeful suppression, perh. because it may have deviated fr. the other accounts of the resurrection [for the purposeful omission of the end of a document cp. Athen. 4, 61, 166d on the 10th book of Theopompus’ Philippica, ἀφʼ ἧς τινες τὸ τελευταῖον μέρος χωρίσαντες, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν τὰ περὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν. S. also Diog. L. 7, 34: a report of Isidorus of Pergamum on the systematic mutilation of books in the library there by Athenodorus the Stoic].—Those who conclude that nothing ever came after ἐφ. γάρ must either assume that the evangelist was prevented fr. finishing his work [Zahn et al.], or indeed intended to close the book w. these words [s. γάρ 1a]. For a short sentence, composed of a verb + γάρ s. also Epict. 3, 9, 19; 4, 8, 4; Artem. 4, 64; 1, 33 p. 35, 6; Plotinus, Ennead 5, 5, a treatise ending in γάρ [PvanderHorst, JTS 23, ’72, 121–24]; Musonius Rufus, Tr. XII; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8; Libanius, Or. 53 p. 65, 20 F.; PMich 149 VI, 37 [II A.D.]. Among those favoring an ending w. γάρ: Wlh., Loisy, Lohmeyer ad loc.; ABauer, WienerStud 34, 1912, 306ff; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi 1925, 10ff; OLinton, ThBl 8, 1929, 229–34; JCreed, JTS 31, 1930, 175–80; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus ’33, 176ff; HMosbech, Mkevangeliets Slutning: SEÅ 5, ’40, 56–73; WAllen, JTS 47, ’46, 46–49 [‘feel reverential awe’]; ibid. 48, ’47, 201–3. S. also EGoodspeed, Exp. 8th ser., 18, 1919, 155–60; reconstruction of the ‘lost’ ending, in Engl., by Goodsp. in his Introd. to the NT ’37, 156; HProbyn, Exp. 9th ser., 4, 1925, 120–25; RKevin, JBL 45, 1926, 81–103; MEnslin, ibid. 46, 1927, 62–68; HCadbury, ibid. 344f; MRist, ATR 14, ’32, 143–51; WKnox, HTR 35, ’42, 13ff; EHelzle, Der Schluss des Mk, ’59, diss. Tübingen; FDanker, CTM 38, ’67, 26f; JLuzarraga, Biblica 50, ’69, 497–510; KAland, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 157–80, NTEntwürfe, ’79, 246–83). φοβοῦμαι μᾶλλον I am all the more fearful IPhld 5:1. μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be afraid Mt 10:31 v.l. (μή 1cεא). μὴ φοβοῦ, μὴ φοβεῖσθε you must no longer be afraid, stop being afraid (μή 1cγא) Mt 10:31; 14:27; 17:7; Mk 5:36; Lk 1:13, 30; 2:10; 5:10; 8:50; 12:7 al. LKöhler, D. Offenbarungsformel ‘Fürchte dich nicht!’: SchTZ 36, 1919, 33ff.—W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153; Rob. 468; Pla., Prot. 360b; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 586 D.: φοβοῦμαι φόβον; Did., Gen. 230, 1; on LXX usage s. Johannessohn, Kasus 73) ὁ φόβος ὸ̔ν δεῖ σε φοβηθῆναι the fear which you must have Hm 7:1c. ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν (Jon 1:10; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr. B 13 p. 117, 17f [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1) they were very much afraid Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9. If the nouns are to be taken in the pass. sense, this is also the place for τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν (objective gen.) μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Pt 3:14 (cp. Is 8:12) and μὴ φοβούμεναι μηδεμίαν πτόησιν vs. 6 (πτόησις 2); s. 1bγ below.—A recognizable Hellenic expr. (cp. ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος=fear in the face of the enemy), though encouraged by OT usage (Lev 26:2; Dt 1:29; Jer 1:8, 17; Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 8:12; En 106:4; Helbing 29; B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) φοβ. ἀπό τινος be afraid of someone Mt 10:28a; Lk 12:4; 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22).—Foll. by gen. absol. 56:10. Foll. by μή and the aor. subj. to denote that which one fears (Thu. 1, 36, 1; Aesop, Fab. 317 H.=356a P.; Alex. Aphr. 31, II/2 p. 203, 20 τὸν Ἀπόλλω φοβεῖσθαι μή τι παρελθῇ τούτων ἄπρακτον=Apollo is concerned [almost as much as ‘sees to it’] that nothing of this remains undone; Jos., Ant. 10, 8, Vi. 252) Ac 23:10; 27:17; ITr 5:1; Hs 9, 20, 2. Foll. by μήποτε (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac. p. 1172, 30 φοβοῦμαι περὶ ὑμῶν, μήποτε; JosAs 7:3; ApcMos 16 al.): Hm 12, 5, 3. φοβηθῶμεν μήποτε δοκῇ τις Hb 4:1; μήπου (v.l. μήπως; ParJer 5:5) Ac 27:29; 2 Cor 11:3; 12:20. A notable feature is the prolepsis of the obj. (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 767; Thu. 4, 8, 7) φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς I am afraid my work with you may be wasted Gal 4:11 (B-D-F §476, 3; Rob. 423).—W. inf. foll. be afraid to do or shrink from doing someth. (B-D-F §392, 1b.—X., An. 1, 3, 17 al.; Gen 19:30; 26:7; ApcMos 10:18) Mt 1:20; 2:22; Mk 9:32; Lk 9:45; 2 Cl 5:1.—φοβεῖσθαι abs. in the sense take care (Just., D. 78, 4) πλέον φοβεῖσθαι be more careful than usually ITr 4:1.

ⓑ trans. fear someone or someth.

α. pers. τινά someone (X., An. 3, 2, 19 al.; PGM 4, 2171; Num 21:34; Dt 3:2; Jos., Ant. 13, 26; Just., D. 83, 1) μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς Mt 10:26. Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 6:20. τοὺς Ἰουδαίους J 9:22.—Gal 2:12; 2:5b (saying of Jesus). God (Did., Gen. 64, 15; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 11]) Mt 10:28b; Lk 12:5abc; 23:40; 2:5c (saying of Jesus). The crowd Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46; Mk 11:32; 12:12; Lk 20:19; 22:2; Ac 5:26 (foll. by μή). τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἐξουσία 5a) Ro 13:3. The angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1; Hs 6, 2, 5. The Christian is to have no fear of the devil Hm 7:2a; 12, 4, 6f; 12, 5, 2.

β. animals (in imagery) μὴ φοβείσθωσαν τὰ ἀρνία τοὺς λύκους 2:5a (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source).

γ. things τὶ someth. (X., Hell. 4, 4, 8 al.; En 103:4; ApcEsdr 7:2 τὸν θάνατον; Just., D. 1, 5 κόλασιν; Ath., R. 21 p. 75, 1 οὐδέν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 90; 2, 232) τὸ διάταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως Hb 11:23. τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως vs. 27. τὴν κρίσιν 2 Cl 18:2. τὸν ὄντως θάνατον Dg 10:7. φοβοῦμαι τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην, μὴ … IRo 1:2. τὰ ὅπλα (in imagery) Hm 12, 2, 4.—1 Pt 3:14 and 6 belong here if the nouns in them are to be taken in an act. sense; s. 1a above.—Fear, avoid, shun τὶ someth. (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 41, 9 Δαρεῖος τὸ ἅρμα φοβηθείς) τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν B 12:10. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:3ac.—AVStröm, Der Hirt des Hermas, Allegorie oder Wirklichkeit? Ntl. Sem. Uppsala 3, ’36.

② to have a profound measure of respect for, (have) reverence, respect, w. special ref. to fear of offending

ⓐ God: fear (differently 1bα) in the sense reverence (Aeschyl., Suppl. 893 δαίμονας; Isocr. 1, 16 τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς φοβοῦ, τοὺς δὲ γονεῖς τίμα; Pla., Leg. 11, 927a; Lysias 9, 17; 32, 17; Plut., De Superstit. 2, 165b; LXX; PsSol 4:21; TestJob 43:9 [τὸν κύριον]; JosAs 2:5 [deities]; Philo, Migr. Abr. 21 [after Gen 42:18]. Cp. PTebt 59, 10 [II B.C.] φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν) Lk 1:50 (anticipates the οἱ φοβούμενοι in Ac: H-JKlauck, NTS 43, ’97, 134–39); 18:2, 4 (was Ex 23:1–3 his motto: even God could not bribe him?); Ac 10:35; 1 Pt 2:17; Rv 14:7; 19:5; 1 Cl 21:7; 23:1; 28:1; 45:6; B 10:10f (τὸν κύριον); 19:2, 7; Hm 1:2; 7:1, 4f; Hs 5, 1, 5; 8, 11, 2; D 4:10. Also τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ (2 Esdr 11) Rv 11:18.—φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν as a t.t.=σεβόμενοι τὸν θεόν (σέβω 1b; t.t. disputed by MWilcox, JSNT 13, ’81, 102–22; cp. TFinn, CBQ 47, ’85, 75–84; ILevinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting [BAFCS V] ’96, 51–126; BWander, Gottesfürchtige und Sympathisanten [WUNT 104] ’98, esp. 80–86; 180–203) Ac 13:16, 26 (Just., D. 10, 4 al.; sing. 10:2, 22).—τὸν κύριον (PsSol 2:33; 3:12 al.; JosAs 8:9) Christ: Col 3:22.—WAllen (s. 1a above) interprets Mk 16:8 to mean reverence for the divine.

ⓑ pers. who command respect (Plut., Galba 1054 [3, 4]; Herodian 3, 13, 2; Lev 19:3 φοβ. πατέρα καὶ μητέρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 345): of a wife ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα Eph 5:33. τὸν ἐπίσκοπον IEph 6:1.—RAC VIII 661–99; TRE XI 756–59; Schmidt, Syn. III 507–36. DELG s.v. φέβομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

φυλάσσω (-ττ-Ar. [Milne 76, 32]; s. Gignac I 152f) fut. φυλάξω; 1 aor. ἐφύλαξα; pf. πεφύλαχα. Pass.: 1 fut. 3 pl. φυλαχθήσονται (TestSol 13:8 C; JosAs 15:6); 1 aor. ἐφυλάχθην; pf. 3 sg. πεφύλακται Ezk 18:9, ptc. πεφύλαγμένος LXX (also PsSol 6:2; Just., D. 102, 4) (Hom.+).

① to carry out sentinel functions, watch, guard, act.

ⓐ φυλάσσειν φυλακάς Lk 2:8 (s. also 2 below; φυλακή 1). φυλάσσειν κατὰ φρουράν GPt 9:35 (φρουρά 1).

ⓑ τινά guard someone to prevent the pers. fr. escaping (Plut., Mor. 181a) Mk 15:25 D; Ac 12:4; 28:16. Pass. Lk 8:29; Ac 23:35.

ⓒ abs. stand guard (Hom. et al.) GPt 8:33.

② to protect by taking careful measures, guard, protect, act.

ⓐ φυλάσσειν φυλακάς Lk 2:8 (s. also 1a above).

ⓑ w. acc. someone or someth. τινά someone (ChronLind D, 47 τούς ἀνθρώπους τούτους θεοὶ φυλάσσουσι; Ex 23:20; Pr 13:6; ParJer 6:10; ApcSed 7:11; ApcMos 7) J 17:12 (w. τηρέω as Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 150); 2 Pt 2:5. Of Joseph (in the sense of Mt 1:25) GJs 13:1; 14:2. τὶ someth. (Gen 3:24; TestJob 9:3 οἶκον; ParJer 3:11 τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας ApcMos 28) αὐλήν Lk 11:21. τὸν πύργον (EpArist 102) Hs 9, 5, 1. πάντα τὰ στοιχεῖα Dg 7:2a. Clothes, to prevent them fr. being stolen Ac 22:20. τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ (εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον) φυλάσσειν preserve his life (for eternal life; cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 199 ἔλαιον φ. εἰς τ. λύχνους) J 12:25. τὴν παραθήκην what has been entrusted so that it is not lost or damaged 1 Ti 6:20; 2 Ti 1:14; foll. by an indication of time (Aelian, VH 9, 21 ὦ Ζεῦ, ἐς τίνα με καιρὸν φυλάττεις;) εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν vs. 12. Cp. B 19:11; D 4:13. ἀκακίαν 1 Cl 14:5 (Ps 36:37). θνητὴν ἐπίνοιαν Dg 7:1. τὴν ἁγνείαν Hm 4, 1, 1. τὴν πίστιν κτλ. 6, 1, 1. ὡς ναὸν θεοῦ φυλάσσειν τὴν σάρκα 2 Cl 9:3. τινά w. a predicate acc. (Wsd 14:24) φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους Jd 24. τινὰ ἀπό τινος (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 7; Menand., Sam. 302f S. [87f Kö.]) 2 Th 3:3 (PGM 4, 2699 φύλαξόν με ἀπὸ παντὸς δαίμονος; 36, 177 ἀπὸ παντὸς πράγματος; Sir 22:26; Ps 140:9). ἑαυτὸν ἀπό τινος (Horapollo 2, 94; Herm. Wr. p. 434, 13 Sc.; TestReub 4:8; JosAs 7:6) 1J 5:21. Of a cultic image χρῄζων ἀνθρώπου τοῦ φυλάξαντος ἵνα μὴ κλαπῇ needing a person to guard (it) so that it may not be stolen Dg 2:2.

③ to be on one’s guard against, look out for, avoid mid. (Hom. et al.; LXX. Test12Patr; ParJer 2:5; Just.) w. acc. of pers. or thing avoided τινά (Aeschyl., Prom. 717; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 25 §96 τὸν Πομπήιον; 5, 8 §32: Ps.-Liban., Charact. Ep. p. 30, 12; Just., D. 82, 1) 2 Ti 4:15; IEph 7:1; ITr 7:1. τὶ (Hdt., Aristot. et al.; Jos., Bell. 4, 572) Ac 21:25; ITr 2:3. Also ἀπό τινος (PLond IV, 1349, 35; Dt 23:10; TestSim 4:5; 5:3) Lk 12:15; Hm 5, 1, 7; Hs 5, 3, 6. Foll. by ἵνα μή (B-D-F §392, 1b; cp. Gen 31:29; Just., A I, 14, 1 μή) 2 Pt 3:17.

④ to hold in reserve, keep, reserve pass. (Diod S 1, 8, 7) τί τινι someth. for someone Dg 10:7.

⑤ to continue to keep a law or commandment from being broken

ⓐ act. observe, follow (νόμον Soph., Trach. 616; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 1; νόμους X., Hell. 1, 7, 29; Pla., Rep. 6, 484b, Pol. 292a. Cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 18 p. 13, 31 τὰ ἤθη καὶ τὰ μαθήματα; OGI 669, 28; PTebt 407, 9; POxy 905, 9; PFay 124, 13; Wsd 6:4; Sir 21:11; 4 Macc 5:29; 15:10; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 60; TestJud 26:1; TestIss 5:1; Just., D. 11, 2 al.; Ath., R. 20 p. 73, 25) τὶ someth. Mt 19:20; Lk 18:21; 1 Ti 5:21; Hm 1:2a; 3:5ab; 4, 4, 3; 8:9; Hs 5, 3, 4. τὸν νόμον (ViEzk 17 [p. 76, 5 Sch.]; Just., D. 10, 4; Lucian, Jud. 5) Ac 7:53; 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὴν ἐντολήν Hm 1:2b; 2:7; 8:12a. τὰς ἐντολάς (Jos., Ant. 6, 336; TestZeb 5:1; TestBenj 10:3, 5; ApcEsdr 5:19; ApcMos 10; Ar. 15:3; Just., D. 46, 4) 2 Cl 8:4; B 4:11; Hv 5, 5, 7; m 2:7; 4, 2, 4ab; 4, 4, 4ab; 5, 2, 8; 12, 5, 1; Hs 5, 3, 2f al. Pass. Hm 12, 3, 4f; Hs 1:7. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου the requirements of the law Ro 2:26 (ParJer 6:23 τὰ δικαιώματά μου). τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 11:28. τὰ ῥήματα (i.e. of Christ) J 12:47 (cp. ApcMos 3 τὸ ῥῆμα). τὰ δόγματα Ac 16:4. φυλ. τὸ σάββατον keep the Sabbath B 15:2 (cp. Ex 31:16). τὴν Ἰουδαίων δεισιδαιμονίαν φυλ. practice Judean fanaticism/superstition Dg 1. τά μέτρα τῶν τῆς ἡμέρας δρόμων φυλ. 7:2b (μέτρον 2a).

ⓑ OT infl. is prob. felt in the use of the mid. for the act. (s. B-D-F §316, 1) in sense a: keep, observe, follow (Lev 20:22; 26:3; Ps 118:5 al. But as early as Hesiod, Op. 263 ταῦτα φυλασσόμενοι=if you observe this; 765; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 56 Harder φυλάττεσθαι τὸ … γίνεσθαι) ταῦτα πάντα Mt 19:20 v.l.; Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21 v.l.

⑥ to store up, lay up for oneself, mid. (=‘look out for oneself’) PtK 2 p. 15, 2.—B. 752. DELG s.v. φύλαξ. M-M. TW.

ἀνακρίνω (κρίνω ‘separate, decide’) fut. ἀνακρινῶ LXX, 1 aor. ἀνέκρινα, pass. ἀνεκρίθην (Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 1:3 A; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 13f [Stone p. 32]).

① to engage in careful study of a question, question, examine, of general questions (s. ἀνάκρισις; Epict. 1, 1, 20; 2, 20, 27 τὴν Πυθίαν; 1 Km 20:12; Sus 13; Jos., Ant. 5, 329) ἀ. τὰς γραφάς examine the Scriptures Ac 17:11 (ἀ. εἰ as Jos., Ant. 8, 267; 12, 197). ἀ. τοὺς λόγους inquire about the words (of the elders) Papias (2:4) (expiscabar Rufin.). μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες without asking questions 1 Cor 10:25, 27; Ac 11:12 v.l. (for διακρίνω).

② to conduct a judicial hearing, hear a case, question, administrative term w. acc. of pers. examined (SIG 953, 46 [II B.C.] ἀνακρινάντω δὲ καὶ τ. μάρτυρας; Sus 51 Theod.; Jos., Ant. 17, 131) ἀ. τοὺς φύλακας examine the guards Ac 12:19.—28:18; 1 Cor 4:3f; 9:3; GJs 21:2 (not pap); pass. 1 Cor 4:3. Abs. conduct an examination (Sus 48) Lk 23:14. W. indication of the matter investigated ἀ. περὶ πάντων τούτων about all these matters Ac 24:8.—W. the reasons for the hearing given ἐπὶ εὐεργεσίᾳ because of a benefaction 4:9 (an incongruous situation, w. Peter in effect challenging his audience to avoid shame, for ordinarily in the Gr-Rom. world a civic award was in order for an act of rescue, s. στέφανος and σῴζω). Judicial diction may be implied 1 Cor 2:15, but s. 3.

③ to examine with a view to finding fault, judge, call to account, discern (Demosth. 57, 66; 70; POxy 1209, 19; 1706, 20) πάντα 1 Cor 2:15; pass. vs. 14f; 14:24 (w. ἐλέγχειν). But s. 2 above.—M-M. TW.